Does Applying for Credit Cards Hurt Your Credit?

When you apply for a credit card, the card issuer will typically run a hard inquiry on one or more of your credit reports. According to FICO, a single hard inquiry will typically knock fewer than five points off your credit score.

That said, inquiries remain on your credit report for two years, and if you apply for more than one card in a short period of time, those multiple inquiries can have a compounding negative effect. To minimize the potential impact of hard inquiries, look for opportunities to get prequalified for a card before you apply. Many card issuers offer prequalification tools that can give you an idea of your approval odds with just a soft inquiry, which doesn't affect your credit score. Some credit card companies may even send you a preapproved offer in the mail based on a soft inquiry.

Does Opening a New Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score?

If you're approved for a credit card, your account will be automatically opened. A new credit card can impact your credit score in a couple of ways:

• Length of credit history: The new account will lower the average age of your accounts. That may not be a big issue if you have a long credit history, but if you're relatively new to credit, it can have a more significant impact on your score.
• Credit utilization: With a new credit card, your total available credit will increase, which can help lower your credit utilization rate—the percentage of available credit you're using at a given time. However, if you start racking up debt on the new card, it could increase your utilization rate, damaging your score.

The good news is that the impact on your credit score for both of these factors is generally temporary in nature. Paying your bills on time and maintaining low balances can make it possible for you to improve your credit over time with a new card.

How to Responsibly Apply for New Credit Cards

There's nothing wrong with using multiple credit cards to take advantage of the different rewards and benefits they have to offer. However, it's important to take a responsible approach to avoid putting too much strain on your credit score:

• Get prequalified. As previously mentioned, prequalification tools typically only use a soft inquiry to evaluate your approval odds. While there's no guarantee that you'll get approved for a card after passing prequalification, it can help minimize your chances of getting denied.
• Don't open too many cards in a short period. While it may be tempting to open multiple cards quickly to take advantage of welcome bonuses and other new-cardholder perks, try to space out your applications by at least six months to lessen the impact on your credit score.
• Don't open new accounts before applying for a loan. If you're planning to apply for a mortgage or car loan, it's best to avoid applying for credit cards in the months leading up to your loan application. The temporary credit score dip and a potential increase in your debt-to-income ratio can impact your loan approval odds.
• Manage newly opened cards responsibly. Each time you get a new card, it's important to ensure that your spending doesn't change. Racking up a balance on the new card can increase your utilization rate and make it more difficult to keep up with all of your monthly debt payments.

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5 Important Credit Card Lessons for Teens and Young Adults

Here are the credit card lessons everyone should know before they swipe their first piece of plastic; 

1.) Understand how credit cards work

At first glance, it looks like you’re getting access to free money. However, that’s not how credit works. Your kids need to understand that a credit card represents a loan. You’re not using your money — you’re using the credit card issuer’s money. You have a limit that you can borrow up too, set by the card issuer.

Teens and young adults need to understand that interest is an extra charge for borrowing money. You can borrow a portion of your available balance, and then repay it. If you don’t pay off your credit card balance when the bill is due, you’ll be charged interest. The bigger the balance you carry, the more you’ll pay in interest.

Consider using a credit card calculator to show your child how much interest could accrue from regularly carrying a balance. Show them that running up a big balance and being charged interest can keep them from meeting other financial goals that might matter to them. When they understand that credit cards are loans, and not paying them off can cost them even more, they’re more likely to rein in their spending and make better choices.

2.) Know the difference between a credit card and a debit card

Make sure your student understands that:

• Debit cards provide access to your money. They connect directly to your bank account and the money you already have. In many cases, if you don’t have the money, you won’t be able to use the debit card.
• Credit cards provide access to borrowed money. As long as there are available funds (meaning you’re beneath your credit limit), you’ll be able to spend on the card — even if there isn’t money in your own bank account. But, if you keep the balance into your next billing cycle, you can expect to pay interest on top of the money you borrowed.

Credit card information is reported to the credit bureaus and impacts your credit score, while debit card information may not affect your credit score. You can build your credit history with smart and responsible credit card use.

3.) How credit cards work with your credit score

One of the most important credit card lessons is that your card usage can impact your credit score. A credit score is a numerical way to summarize your ability to handle loans and other financial obligations.Without a good credit score, you might end up paying much higher interest rates on car loans and mortgages — if you can even get those loans at all. In some states, your credit score might affect your car insurance premium, and there are some landlords that run credit checks before they’ll let you into an apartment.

A credit card can be one of the fastest ways to build good credit. If not used responsibly, though, it can sabotage your credit score. Credit card issuers report your activity to the credit bureaus each month, letting them know how much you owe and whether you pay on time. The biggest ways your credit card habits affect your credit score are related to:

• Payment history: Your payment history accounts for 35% of your FICO® credit score. If you miss payments or pay late regularly, that can drag down your score. However, when you pay your credit card bill on time each month, that creates a record of responsible behavior that boosts your score.
• Credit utilization: How much of your available credit being used makes up about 30% of your FICO® score. If you’re taking up more than 50% of your credit limit and carrying a balance each month, that can result in a lower FICO® score. However, if you keep your credit utilization to below 30% (even better if you pay off your card), you can see a better credit score.

Basically, anything you do with your credit card is reported on your credit report, and the information from your report is used in the formula that figures your credit score. Practice good credit habits, and you’ll see a better credit score.

4.) Be careful with credit card and financial information

I always tell my kids to be very careful with direct mail offers, for example. If you’re going to discard them, tear them up before putting them in the trash. People can get a hold of them and try to set up a credit card in your name. If someone steals your identity and opens a loan or credit card using your information, that could have a big impact on your score — especially if they run up bills and then don’t pay. While you might eventually get the situation fixed, it can take a long time and can cause a big headache.

You’re better off being very careful with your information, choosing strong passwords and carefully shredding any mail offers you get for credit cards (after you’ve carefully considered the offer inside).

5.) Start slow and practice

Teach your kids credit card lessons by letting them make small purchases and practice paying them off. If your child is a teenager, you can consider adding them to your own card as an authorized user. This will allow them to practice using a card while you keep an eye on them. Plus, your teenager will start building credit based on card usage. Another option is to help your child open a secured credit card. They will have to provide cash as collateral, but a secured card, unlike a debit card, is reported to the credit bureaus and can help them build their credit.

Be sure that you monitor their usage at first. Encourage them to make small purchases and then pay them off quickly with money they earn from a job. It’s important to let your child know that it’s vital to only make purchases if they are in the budget and if they know they will have the money to pay off the card when the bill is due. As you start slow and allow them to practice making smart and responsible decisions, they’ll be more likely to do the right thing when they have their own card.

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The Basics of Debit Card Processing

Debit cards look like credit cards. The key differentiator between the two is where the funds to pay originate. With a debit card, payment is linked to the cardholder’s bank account and the amount is immediately deducted from their account balance, whereas credit cards extend a line of credit from the cardholder’s card-issuer.

Here are four different types of debit card processing

• PIN Debit - Cards are programmed with a personal identification number (PIN) needed to make purchases. This form of debit adds a layer of fraud protection to cardholders, merchants, and banks.
• PINless Debit –Transactions below a certain dollar amount (or other criteria) don’t require a PIN or signature.
• Signature Debit - Cardholders sign a receipt or the signature screen of the point-of-sale terminal to complete their purchase.
• Contactless Debit - Customers wave or tap their card, wearable (smart watch), or mobile device over a near field communication (NFC) terminal that communicates with the radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology in the card or device. With a wearable or a mobile device, the debit card is linked to a mobile wallet, such as Apple Pay®, Google Pay™ or Samsung Pay®. The transaction moves through the debit network just as it would with a PIN debit purchase.

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