What Is Credit Card Processing?

Using credit cards for purchases is a convenience many consumers have come to expect, but not many customers or business owners actually know how credit card processing works. The process is complicated, involving industry lingo that may be unfamiliar to some, the coordination of multiple participants and the acquisition of a card-reading device. Much of the process happens behind the scenes, however. And while it’s useful to understand the entire process and the key players in it, many business owners will find that the most important aspects to understand are the hardware and software needed for credit card processing and the fees involved. 

What is credit card processing?

Several moving parts are involved in processing a credit card transaction. On one side of the transaction, you have the customer and the bank that issued their credit card. On the other side, you have the merchant and the bank that will receive the payment. Details about the transaction travel between the two banks through a credit card network, and the payment processor helps make sure things run smoothly.

Key participants in credit card processing;

A good first step in understanding the process is to review industry terms for the key participants:

• Cardholder. A cardholder is the customer, or consumer, who is using the card for payment. The cardholder could be either the owner of the card or an authorized user.

• Issuing bank. An issuing bank is the entity that issued the credit card to the cardholder and is responsible for authorizing the transaction. If a transaction is approved, the issuing bank sends funds to the merchant bank, which in turn bills the card owner through a monthly credit card statement.

• Merchant. A merchant is a business that accepts credit card payments from customers for its goods or services. These include in-person, online or phone payments.

• Merchant bank. A merchant bank, also known as an acquiring bank, maintains the merchant account where the funds from credit card transactions are deposited. Some merchant banks act as payment processors in the card transaction. Others rely on third-party payment processors to manage the payment details.

• Payment processors. A payment processor, or merchant services company, helps manage the transaction process with the merchants, banks and card networks. In addition to helping authorize transactions and ensuring the transfer of funds, some payment processors also offer the hardware and software required to accept card transactions.

• Card networks. Credit card networks such as Visa, Mastercard, American Express and Discover are responsible for the infrastructure that allows the transmission of credit card details between the merchant bank and the issuing bank. Credit card networks have rules for the use of their networks and set interchange fees for their services. Source