Who is Involved in Credit Card Processing?

The key participants involved in credit card processing include:

• Cardholder: The individual who receives a card from an issuing bank and uses the card to make payments. This individual can be either the card owner or an authorized user of the card.
• Issuing bank: The entity, also known as a card issuer, that underwrites and issues cards to individual and business cardholders who meet certain credit standards. The issuing bank maintains card accounts, bills and collects payments from cardholders and monitors the performance of credit card receivable portfolios.
• Merchant: A business that accepts cards as a method of payment. These payments can be made in person, online, or by mail order or telephone.
• Merchant bank: The entity, also known as an acquiring bank, that maintains the merchant’s account where deposits from credit card payments are accepted. Some merchant banks also provide merchants with credit card terminals, which may be purchased or leased.
• Payment processor: The entity that helps many merchants and merchant banks manage the daily settlement and information flows related to credit card activities.
• Issuer processor: The entity that provides a system for issuing banks to board accounts, provides authorizations and offers risk management tools to issuers to manage their card portfolios effectively.
• Card network: The organization, also known as a card association, that maintains infrastructure to support card transaction activities such as authorization, clearing and settlement. Examples of card networks include Visa, Mastercard, Discover and American Express.
• Payment gateway: The technology that provides the link between the point at which the credit card data is received by the merchant and the merchant bank. The payment gateway encrypts the data before sending it to the merchant bank and transmits both the authorization request to the issuing bank and the issuing bank’s response back to the merchant.

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